Contribute to chinapedia/wikipedia.en development by creating an account on GitHub. Eratosthenes, in full Eratosthenes of Cyrene, (born c. 276 bce, Cyrene, Libyadied c. 194 bce, Alexandria, Egypt), Greek scientific writer, astronomer, and poet, who made the first measurement of the size of Earth for which any details are known. He reportedly fell into despair, and he is said to have committed suicide by voluntary starvation in 194 as a result. Chambers, James T. "Eratosthenes of Cyrene." In a time when the ocean is threatened by climate change and pollution, coastlines are eroding, and entire species of marine life are at risk of extinction, the role of . Eratosthenes (born c. 276 BCE, Cyrene, Libya) was a Greek scientific writer, astronomer, and poet who made the first measurements of Earths size for which any details are known. Eratosthenes of Cyrene (c. 276 BCE192 or 194 BCE) was an ancient Greek mathematician, poet, and astronomer who is known as the father of geography. [4] He created the first global projection of the world, incorporating parallels and meridians based on the available geographic knowledge of his era. to find all prime numbers between any two integers. (40,000 miles). He visited Egypt and numerous places in South-West Asia, Greece, and the island in the Mediterranean Sea. [16] A geometric calculation reveals that the circumference of the Earth is the distance between the two cities divided by the difference in shadow angles expressed as a fraction of one turn. He created a longitude and latitude system, as well as a map of the world. Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. At Syene (now Aswn), some 800 km (500 miles) southeast of Alexandria in Egypt, the Suns rays fall vertically at noon at the summer solstice. He is regarded as the first scientific geographer who measured the length of the equator almost accurately (24860 miles) on sound principles with the help of gnomon. He was the son of Aglaus, of whom no historical record is preserved, so it is thought that he was not of an important family at the time. The psychological effects of incarceration: what goes on in the minds of prisoners? Eratosthenes was born around 276 B.C., which is now Shahhat, Libya. Eratosthenes was also the first to calculate the tilt of the Earths axis, which he figured with remarkable accuracy; the finding was reported by Ptolemy (85-165 CE). In the same way, he wrote poetry and his themes included the stories of the constellations. One of Eratosthenes contributions to mathematics was his measurement of the Earth. But he did not find in them a style that appealed to him. to locate all prime numbers between two integers. Eratosthenes (264-194 B.C.) "Ptolemy's System of Seven Climata and Eratosthenes' Geography". Eratosthenes was an ancient Greek astronomer, geographer, and mathematician. This is important to marine science because these concepts are used for locations around the globe. What did Eratosthenes study? "La climatologie d'ratosthne Posidonios: gense d'une science humaine". Atlantic Ocean Ocean exploration is a part of oceanography describing the exploration of ocean surfaces. Due to the increased risk of food poisoning, eating this popular, Petra was ecstatic over Jane and Rafaels happy ending during the series finale, fearing that she would never find love again. He worked in geography to try to figure out why the Nile river had such a regular flood pattern, and hypothesized that it was because of heavy rain upstream. He did this by observing the Moon during a lunar eclipse and by estimating the angle and the size of the Earth. Their achievements in climatology, oceanography, geomorphology, linear measurements, determination of cardinal points, limits of habitable world, sprawl of continents and oceans are highly appreciable. [6] Eratosthenes was a man of many perspectives and investigated the art of poetry under Callimachus. Eratosthenes was the first person to use the word "geography" and other geographical terms that are still in use today, and his efforts to calculate the circumference of the Earth and the distance from the Earth to the Sun paved the way for our modern understanding of the cosmos. He was a figure of influence in many fields who yearned to understand the complexities of the entire world. Book Collection Nonfiction: High School Edition. is credited for two important contributions to oceanography: 1. Eratosthenes made many important contributions to science and mathematics. 4. Hermes It was one of his works, in which he addressed the life of the god, and another was named Erigone. He also measured the degree of obliquity of the ecliptic (in effect, the tilt of Earths axis) and wrote a treatise on the octateris, an eight-year lunar-solar cycle. Under Ptolemaic rule the economy prospered, based largely on the export of horses and silphium, a plant used for rich seasoning and medicine. He calculated the Earths circumference. Eratosthenes' method of measuring Earth's circumference, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Eratosthenes, Famous Scientists - Biography of Eratosthenes, Ancient History Encyclopedia - Biography of Eratosthenes, Eratosthenes - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). In addition to the attempts of Eratosthenes of Cyrene (c. 276c. 3. Geographika had 3 volumes. His prime number sieve made it simple for Greek mathematicians (and now-frustrated modern students!) II. The word geography comes from a Middle French word that was first used in 1540. Eratosthenes (D.W.) Roller (ed., Trans.) Christopher Columbus was one of those who studied the work of Eratosthenes. Moreover, he conceived the peninsula of India Pointing towards the south-west, instead of south. The simplified method works by considering two cities along the same meridian and measuring both the distance between them and the difference in angles of the shadows cast by the sun on a vertical rod (a gnomon) in each city at noon on the summer solstice. The Fourteenth Edition incorporates In the quest to secure his newly regained domain, Ptolemy III saw fit to satisfy the people of Cyrene by offering a position as important as that of chief keeper of the great library of Alexandria to Eratosthenes. First maps showing water (river charts) 3800 B.C. The first discussed the problems of representing a spherical earth on a flat sheet . His prime number sieve provided a simple way for Greek mathematicians (and frustrated modern students!) Eratosthenes is famous for making the first good measurement of the size of the Earth. With the parallels and meridians, Eratosthenes located the known countries and cities. Thu, the different type of pecialized text will vary according to the ubject and p All Rights Reserved warbletoncouncil.org - 2023. Uf Women's Studies Electives, On oceanography he was considered an . His work is comparable to what is now known as the study of geography, and he introduced some of the terminology still used today.[1]. Eratosthenes calculates circumference of Earth, invents latitude and longitude 230 B.C. They believed only rivers had currents, and named this mass of water okeanos (meaning river), from which we derived our term . Whats The Difference Between Dutch And French Braids? He lived and worked for most of his life in the city of Alexandria in Egypt. He created one of the earliest maps of the known world between 276-195 BC, but his greatest contribution was the concept of latitude and longitude. Your email address will not be published. To calculate the circumference of the earth Eratosthenes used a method that has been used until our time, this consists of measuring a meridian. He invented a system of longitude and latitude and made a map of the known world. Oceanography is the study of the physical, chemical, and biological features of the ocean, including the ocean's ancient history, its current condition, and its future. Vol. Eratosthenes died in his 80s in Alexandria, Egypt. Eratosthenes analyzed the observations with the assumption that the earth is a sphere and the sun is very far away. He set the circumference measurement at 252,000 stadia, which is approximately 39,691 kilometers. In German it is erde. Greek Scholar's Work Shows Usefulness of Measurement. He greatly overestimated the West to East distance from the Westernmost part of Europe to the Eastern extremity of the ekumene (the habitable calculated the Earths circumference and invented the first lattitude/longitude system a system of imaginary lines on the Earth, used for navigation and mapping. Although Eratosthenes method was well founded, the accuracy of his calculation was inherently limited. They had a keen sense of ocean currents and variations in bird and sea life in different places in the Pacific. He died c. 194 BCE, Alexandria, Egypt. Ptolemy made contributions to astronomy, mathematics, geography, musical theory, and optics. The famous geographer and chief librarian at Alexandria Eratosthenes of Cyrene (c. 276 BCE - 194 BCE) also referenced Pytheas in a treatise that, like On the Ocean, has been lost but that was widely circulated in the ancient world. Guillaumin (eds.). how do floodplains jeopardize the livelihoods of agricultural workers. Who succeeded Eratosthenes as the chief librarian of Alexandria? Eratosthenes was an Ancient Greek scientist born in the town of Cyrene in about 276 BC. Alfred Hettner, who inherited the concept of chorology, further developed it. Prince Henry the navigators contribution to ocean exploration included? We know him best for two important achievements: producing an accurate estimate of how big Earth is; and devising a method to find prime numbers. It is used in oceanography in calculating the height of tides in oceans. What was Eratosthenes greatest achievement? Eratosthenes's main interest in youth was philosophy and that vocation led him to Athens at the age of 15. in, Chondros, Thomas G. Archimedes Life Works and Machines. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Geography is derived from the Greek words geo (the Earth in its broadest sense) and graphos (graphos (graphy), which means to write about. To write about the Earth in a literal sense. According to Strabo, Eratosthenes argued against the Greek-Barbarian dichotomy. There was the great bookstore, a museum and a school of advanced studies. The geometry of the situation is sketched at the right. His writings included a poem inspired by astronomy, as well as works on the theatre and on ethics. Aves, A., Magill, F. and Moose, C. (1998). He died in 194BC at 82 in Alexandria. How Do You Get Rid Of Hiccups In 5 Seconds. For his studies on the earth, Eratosthenes is known as the "father of geography." The children were trained from the age of seven in subjects such as literature, sports and music. At that time he also wrote Peri agathn kai kakn, a text that was lost. Around 255 BCE, he invented the armillary sphere. However, he assumed that Siena was right over the Tropic of Cancer, a fact that was incorrect. Phoenicians (from what is now Syria and Lebanon) navigated and traded around Mediterranean Sea, Indian Ocean, Red Sea, and Africa; 2000BC 2. And afterwards, Uranio Zeus, may the scepter of your hand guide it. . 175 km 4. He used as a basis the ecliptic movement, that is, the movement of the sun observed by the apparent changes of the same from the earth. Was nicknamed Beta by other Greeks of his time, in reference to the second letter of the alphabet. Other things that Eratosthenes thought but did not turn out to be: the fact that the earth is a perfect sphere, that Alexandria is exactly north of Siena, and that the sun's rays are perfectly parallel. Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. Finally he wrote: Happy father, Ptolemy, because with your son you enjoy the age! % complete First maps showing water (river charts) 3800 B.C. He sketched, quite accurately, the route of the Nile to Khartoum, showing the two Ethiopian tributaries. One of the main contributions of Eratosthenes to science and astronomy was his important work regarding They helped find new colonies, explored some of North America and were great navigators. He also dedicated to Eratosthenes The method. Your email address will not be published. Thus began the fame of Eratosthenes, since in his new field he achieved the recognition he had desired. He had inclination toward arts as well as music and poetry composition. [1] Cyrene became a place of cultivation, where knowledge blossomed. His major work is 'Ges-periods' which is the first systematic description of the world. Are charitable contributions deductible in 2020? He estimated the Earths circumference to be nearly 250,000 stadia (25,000 miles). New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2010. The first place must go to Eratosthenes, the man who coined the term "geography" between 275 and 194 BC. There he first coined the term "geography" and used his discoveries regarding the size and shape of the earth to represent it. Corrections? Eratosthenes was a Greek scientist who lived from 276 to 194 B.C. In addition, he calculated approximate distances between them. Using the precise data that Tycho had collected, Kepler discovered that the orbit of Mars was an ellipse. He made a catalog of 675 stars. Eratosthenes of Cyrene Prince Henry the navigator's contribution to ocean exploration included? [19] This book is the first recorded instance of many terms still in use today, including the name of the discipline geography. He created one of the earliest maps of the known world between 276-195 BC, but his greatest contribution was the concept of latitude and longitude. Shcheglov, D.A. His teachers included the scholar Lysanias of Cyrene and the philosopher Ariston of Chios who had studied under Zeno, the founder of the Stoic school of philosophy. % complete What Is Fast Acquisition Corp. . in Cyrene, a Greek city located in North Africa, in what is now the lands of Libya. Eratosthenes made several important contributions to mathematics and science, and was a friend of Archimedes, the great mathematician. : 3373 , 02-3298322 A . Geographers look at both the physical properties of the Earths surface and the human societies that live on it. Youll get a, Copyright 2023 TipsFolder.com | Powered by Astra WordPress Theme. The word for a, Sulfates and Halides Gypsum is known in Colorado for mining gypsum, a mineral used in the construction of wallboard. Plutarch's similar discussion claiming that Alexander ignored. Everything that pleases the Muses and kings you yourself gave to your son. He studied astronomy, geography, and math. He developed systems of latitudes and longitudes and ascertained accurate length of equator using Gnomon. 2. There is no distinction between the usages. The ancient Greek scholar Eratosthenes is dubbed the father of geography. He was the first to use the word geography, and he also had a small-scale understanding of the planet that helped him determine the earths circumference. % complete . Eratosthenes Of Cyrene 13. Born: c. 276 BCE in Cyrene (present-day Libya) Died: 192 or 196 BCE in Alexandria, Egypt Early Life Eratosthenes was born around 276 BCE in a Greek colony in Cyrene, a territory located in present-day Libya. 1. Cars &vehicles (9) However, a simplified version of the method has been preserved, as described by Cleomedes.[15]. Eratosthenes also wrote Olympic Victors, a chronology of the winners of the Olympic Games. He had become blind in his old age and could no longer work by 195 BCE. III. Despite his great contributions to science, his work was not replicated by many others, apparently because he did not get enough students to pass on his discoveries and theories. 2011. They also were among the first people to use astronomical observations of the stars to help them navigate across the ocean. Also with one of his students, Aristn de Chios, of whom he wrote a biography. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2010. Eratosthenes united and organized in this work different information that he found in the Library of Alexandria. The fourth is the prominent grammarian Aristophanes of Byzantium, who succeeded Eratosthenes as head of the Library of Alexandria. He also devised a system for discovering prime numbers as whole numbers that can only be divided by themselves or the number 1. James Rennell has been called the Father of Indian Geography, and for his pioneering work on oceanography as the Father of Oceanography.. Who discovered the geography?
