Leadoff questions should usually begin with how or why. An aviation instructor needs to remember he or she is teaching a pilot or technician who should: Develop and exercise good judgment in making decisions, Adhere to prudent operating practices and personal operating parameters, and, Adhere to applicable laws and regulations. An instructor can most effectively maintain a high level of student motivation by. Lectures also may be used to introduce a unit of instruction or a complete training program. For example, once the instructor decides how the student will accomplish the objective, most of the work that determines the elements of the lesson and the schedule of events has been done. Well-designed programs allow students to feel as if they are in control of what they are learning and how fast they learn it. In its basic form, CAL is a combination of more than one instructional media, such as audio, text, graphics, and video (or film) usually shown on a PC, With CAL, the roles of both student and instructor change. The desired learning outcomes should stem from the objective, Conduct adequate research to become familiar with the topic. The description should be in concrete terms that can be measured. The instructor must continue to monitor and evaluate the progress of the student as usual. It is a realistic situation that allows the student to rehearse mentally for a situation and requires practical application of various bits of knowledge. Whatever type of projected training aid used, it is essential for the content to be current and support the lesson, Use of projected materials requires planning and practice. However, writing standards to evaluate a students level of learning or overt behavior in the affective domain (attitudes, beliefs, and values) is more difficult, The overall objective of an aviation training course is usually well established, and the general standards are included in various rules and related publications. Since it has been documented that students learn more effectively when actively involved in the learning process, SBT is also used to train AMTs, The aviation instructor is the key to successful SBT and the overall learning objective in this method of training delivery is for the student to be more ready to exercise sound judgment and make good decisions. Consequently, CDs and DVDs have replaced many of the projection-type instructional aids, For instructors, the convenience of CDs and DVDs is certainly an advantage. The pilot continued into the instrument conditions for about 30 minutes before asking Atlanta Approach Control for directions to the nearest airport for landing. From this measurement of student achievement, the instructor determines the effectiveness of the instruction, A time-honored training delivery method, drill and practice is based on the learning principle of exercise discussed in chapter 2, which holds that connections are strengthened with practice. If necessary, make assignments that give the students an adequate background for discussing the lesson topic. research. The examiner for the Airframe and Powerplant (A&P) is required to ask four questions in each of the subject areas, which are required by the regulations to be taught. Recordings of sounds and speeches should be tested for correct volume and quality in the actual environment in which they will be used. The instructor then shares the NTSBs determination of probable cause: "The pilots inadequate decision to continue VFR flight into IMC conditions, which resulted in a loss of engine power due to fuel exhaustion" which can lead to further discussions of how to avoid this type of accident. The benefit of PBL lies in helping the learner gain a deeper understanding of the information and in the learner improving his or her ability to recall the information. [Figure 4-17], In practice, the choice of instructional aids depends on several factors. Lecturing is unquestionably the most economical of all teaching methods in terms of the time required to present a given amount of material, The lecture is particularly suitable for introducing a new subject and for explaining the necessary background information. Even though most aircraft are equipped with some sort of navigational system, instructors should teach students the basics of navigation. Regardless of which is used, it should relate to the subject and establish a background for developing the learning outcomes. robot dreams by isaac asimov answers; skycity staff intranet. Research into how people learn has been ongoing for almost one hundred years. The instructor must provide opportunities for students to practice and, at the same time, make sure that this process is directed toward a learning objective, A successful instructor needs to be familiar with as many teaching methods as possible. However, the instructor provides the answer to the rhetorical question. (See Appendix F.) There are many definitions for PBL, but for the purposes of this handbook, it is defined as the type of learning environment in which lessons are structured in such a way as to confront students with problems encountered in real life that force them to reach real world solutions, PBL starts with a carefully constructed problem to which there is no single solution. Although some schools and independent instructors may develop their own syllabus, in practice, many instructors use a commercially developed syllabus that already has been selected by a school for use in their aviation training program. Effective instructors also display enthusiasm for their subject matter and express themselves clearly. The pure lecture format also inhibits student participation. This motivation should appeal to each student personally and engender a desire to learn the material, Every lesson introduction should contain an overview that tells the group what is to be covered during the period. carlton square inglewood hoa fees sakura font generator a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by parenting a child with developmental delays On vous rappelle dans l'heure Instead, instructors become supportive facilitators. The instructor may use an overhead question to pose the lead-off question. The instructor should not, however, use substandard English. This is a good indication that the original version was confusing to that person. This topic is explored more thoroughly in hapter 9, Professional Development, Management skills generally include the ability to plan, organize, lead, and supervise. For the flight instructor, this may entail overseeing the preflight procedures. The teaching process organizes the material an instructor wishes to teach in such a way that the learner understands what is being taught. True performance as a professional is based on study and. It is also a good idea at this time to let students know whether or not questions during the lecture are welcomed. The mock-up may emphasize or highlight elements or components for learning and eliminate nonessential elements, Cut-aways, another type of model, are built in sections and can be taken apart to reveal the internal structure. However, use of standardized materials, including a syllabus, is recommended. Finally, lectures may be combined with other teaching methods to give added meaning and direction, The lecture method of teaching needs to be very flexible since it may be used in different ways. This is a useful technique for displaying dial indications or fitting several parts of a component together so relative motion can be simulated, With any projection equipment, instructors should ensure the projector does not obstruct the students line of sight. Each student should be encouraged to accept responsibility for contributing to the discussion and benefiting from it. In a guided discussion, the instructor guides the discussion with the goal of reinforcing a learning objective related to the lesson. For example, a student pilot may enroll in a private pilot certificate course, and upon completion of all course requirements, be awarded a graduation certificate. Computer-aided information is particularly useful for aviation maintenance activities. under: depths of fear story explained; taidnapam park fishing; what state has the worst soil; unghia incarnita gentalyn beta; The following paragraph is an example of one such accident, "The private pilot was on a visual flight rules (VFR) crosscountry flight when he began encountering instrument conditions. Picturesque slang and free-and-easy colloquialisms, if they suit the subject, can add variety and vividness to a teaching lecture. Because improper pilot decisions cause a significant percentage of all accidents and the majority of fatal accidents in light single- and twin-engine aircraft, SBT challenges the student or transitioning pilot with a variety of flight scenarios with the goal of reducing accidents. There are a number of professional development opportunities for aviation instructors, such as Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) seminars, industry conventions, professional organizations, and online classes. The chalk or marker board is a widely used tool for instructors. An effective instructor possesses a strong motivation to teach, as well as a positive attitude toward learning. A game gives the learner a stake in the outcome by putting the learner into the shoes of a character (role playing) who needs to overcome a real world scenario. An AMT uses ADM and risk management skills not only on the job site but also in the repair and maintenance of aircraft, Performance-based and decision-based objectives are also helpful for an instructor designing a lesson plan. It is important to remember that a training delivery method is rarely used by itself. Assessment is explored in more detail in chapter 5, Instructional aids are devices that assist an instructor in the teaching-learning process. Effective problems: Relate to the real world so students want to solve them, Are open ended and not limited to one correct answer, Are connected to previously learned knowledge as well as new knowledge, Risk management, ADM, automation management, situational awareness, and Controlled Flight into Terrain (CFIT) awareness are the skills encompassed by HOTS. Good newspapers offer examples of the effective use of simple words. For example, the instructor may talk about an occurrence where the knowledge in the lesson was applied. Its versatility and effectiveness provide several advantages for most types of instruction. With elearning, sophisticated databases can organize vast amounts of information that can be quickly sorted, searched, found, and cross-indexed, Due to the active nature of e-learning, the overall learning process is enhanced in several ways. With advanced tracking features, CAL also can be used to test the students achievement, compare the results with past performance, and indicate the students weak or strong areas, For most aviation training, the computer should be thought of as a valuable instructional aidand entrusting an entire aviation training program to a computer is not practical. The group task may emphasize academic achievement, cognitive abilities, or physical skills, but the instructor must use clear and specific learning objectives to describe the knowledge and/or abilities the students are to acquire and then demonstrate on their own. A. similarity between the idea transmitted and the idea received. When a student is able to perform according to well-defined standards, evidence of learning is apparent. Care must be taken to display only a small amount of material and to make the material as simple but meaningful as possible, Numerous other useful print items may be considered as supplemental training aids. These slide shows can be only bulleted information or incorporate animation and video clips. If the lecture has been carefully prepared, and the instructor is completely familiar with the outline, there should be no real difficulty, Notes used wisely can ensure accuracy, jog the memory, and dispel the fear of forgetting. Nor do lectures easily allow an instructor to estimate student understanding of the material covered. As stimuli are received, the individuals sensory register works to sort out the important bits of information from the routine or less significant bits. A customer wants a tail strobe light installed on his Piper Cherokee 180. If necessary, a public address system can be used to amplify the speakers voice. Manage and monitor all flight systems and electrical in-flight . [Figure 4-11] Planning the guided discussion as well as learning how to ask the type of questions used in guided discussions are assets for any aviation instructor, In 1966, the McMaster University School of Medicine in Canada pioneered a new approach to teaching and curriculum design called problem-based learning (PBL). [Figure 4-16], Good instructional aids also can help solve certain language barrier problems. On the fifth approach, at five miles from the runway, the pilot stated that both engines quit due to fuel exhaustion. On the other hand, poorly constructed long sentences are difficult to follow and can easily become tangled. [Figure 4-2] This topic is discussed in detail in Chapter 5, Assessment, While many of the characteristics of effective instructors discussed in the previous paragraphs hold true for any instructor, the aviation instructor has the added responsibility of molding an aviation citizena pilot or maintenance technician the instructor feels confident will be an asset to the rest of the aviation community. The flight instructor serves as the link between dreaming of a career in the sky and becoming a skilled pilot. The objective formulated in the last few paragraphs, for instance, is a well-defined lesson objective from the task, Pilotage and Dead Reckoning, in the Private Pilot PTS, PTS hold an important position in aviation training curricula because they supply the instructor with specific performance objectives based on the standards that must be met for the issuance of a particular aviation certificate or rating. For example, a flight instructor should not rely exclusively on a software program on traffic patterns and landings to do the ground instruction for a student pilot, then expect the student to demonstrate patterns and landings in the aircraft. Some models are solid and show only the outline of the object they portray, while others can be manipulated or operated, Although a model may not be a realistic copy of an actual piece of equipment, it can be used effectively in explaining operating principles of various types of equipment. In such cases, it is practical and advisable to give the students a brief general survey of the topic during the introduction. An increasingly popular form of teaching, the case study contains a story relative to the student that forces him or her to deal with situations encountered in real life, The instructor presents the case to the students who then analyze it, come to conclusions, and offer possible solutions. For an instructor who tends to ramble, notes are a must because they help keep the lecture on track. Material composed on a computer word processing and graphics program can also be printed onto transparencies, The equipment can be placed at the front of the room, allowing the instructor to maintain eye contact with students. For this instructor, effective management of the classroom promotes learning. For example, eligibility, knowledge, proficiency, and experience requirements for pilots and AMT students are stipulated in the regulations, and the standards are published in the applicable PTS or oral and practical tests (O&Ps). Lectures are best used when an instructor wishes to convey a general understanding of a subject that students lack. Pictures, drawings, and photographs are especially effective because they provide common visual imagery for both instructors and students. The teaching process consists of four steps: preparation, presentation, application, and assessment. This is necessary to be certain a student is on track with the training syllabus. (1) Holds a flight instructor certificate or ground instructor certificate issued under this part; (2) Holds a teacher's certificate issued by a State, county, city, or municipality that authorizes the person to teach at an educational level of the 7th grade or higher; or (3) Is employed as a teacher at an accredited college or university. While there are subtle nuances to the different terms which include computer-assisted learning (CAL), computerassisted instruction (CAI), computer-based training (CBT), and computer-based instruction (CBI), this handbook will use the term "computer-assisted learning" in the following discussion, Computer-assisted learning (CAL) couples the personal computer (PC) with multimedia software to create a training device. First of all, instructors need to begin planning early to determine what the student group is expected to learn and to be able to do on their own. Manage the daily maintenance efforts for 9 P-3C aircraft to meet short and long range flight tasking. Well-designed interactive video, when properly used, is highly effective as an instructional aid. The selection of a graph for use in any given situation depends upon the type of information the instructor wants to convey, Charts, diagrams, and graphs can be used effectively to show relationships, chronological changes, distributions, components, and flow. Here, the instructor develops the subject matter in a manner that helps the students achieve the desired learning outcomes. All members of the group should follow the discussion. Those maneuvers requiring repetition may still be taught during concentrated settings. For the instructor, maintaining control of the learning situation may be difficult. A syllabus is a summary or outline of a course of study that generally contains a description of each lesson, including objectives and completion standards. Instructors should also try to prepare students for viewing CD/DVD programs by telling them what to watch carefully, what is important or, possibly, what is incorrect. When using a teaching lecture, the instructor plans and delivers an oral presentation in a manner that allows some participation by the students and helps direct them toward the desired learning outcomes, In general lectures, begin with an introduction of the topic to be discussed. Students in these centers are often monitored by a teachers aide or other trained personnel who can provide guidance, answer questions, and act as a conduit to the instructor who is responsible for the training. [Figure 4-8], In the teaching lecture, simple rather than complex words should be used whenever possible. In the intervening years, PBL has helped shift the focus of learning from an instructor-centered approach to a studentcentered approach. An interim summary reinforces learning in relation to a specific learning outcome. As noted earlier, a PTS already has many of the elements needed to formulate performance-based objectives. Consequently, the objective normally is stated at the understanding level of learning. The instructors assessment may be informal and recorded only for the instructors own use in planning the next lesson for the students, or it may be formal. The introduction should include an attention element, a motivation element, and an overview of key points. Errors in grammar and vulgarisms detract from an instructors dignity and insult the intelligence of the students, If the subject matter includes technical terms, the instructor should clearly define each one so that no student is in doubt about its meaning. a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by. Consider the opening scenario in which Bob arrived early for the class and ensured the classroom was well lit, the desks in order, and that the room presented a neat overall appearance. In many cases, this type of supplemental training media may be reproduced in a format for projection on a screen or other clear surface, Charts, diagrams, and graphs include any printed material which gives information in tabular form. The interim summary may be omitted after discussing the last learning outcome when it is more expedient for the instructor to present the first part of the conclusion. A wireless mouse can be used to activate the slide changes from anywhere in the room, Another convenient and cost effective instructional aid is the overhead transparency and projector. In addition, they also provide realistic details necessary for visual recognition of important subject material. They should be considered as a supplement to instructor-led training, Electronic communications, including use of computer databases, voice mail, e-mail, Internet, World Wide Web, and satellite-based, wireless communications, are routine and this explosion of information access affects aviation training. Rather, flight maneuvers are integrated into the flight training scenarios and conducted as they would occur in the real world. While a computer, screen, and projector may be needed for the classroom, a laptop computer may be all that is needed for the one-on-one presentation. In general, if a two-dimensional representation will satisfy the instructors requirement, it should be used, Test preparation material applies to an array of paper, video, and computer software products that are designed by commercial publishers to help student applicants prepare for FAA tests. The most stressful aspect of becoming a flight instructor is usually passing . Such material should be well organized and based on fundamentals, Organize the main and subordinate points of the lesson in a logical sequence. It will be even more significant in the future, Computer technology continues to advance in quantum leaps, challenging traditional ways of teaching. The examiner also is required to assign a practical project from each subject area. To teach the cognitive skills needed in making decisions and judgments effectively, an instructor should incorporate analysis, synthesis, and evaluation into lessons using PBL. The willingness to look for ways to match student learning styles to personal instructional style is another element of effective instruction, A subject matter expert (SME) is a person who possesses a high level of expertise, knowledge, or skill in a particular area. Decision-based training objectives allow for a more dynamic training environment and are ideally suited to scenario type training. Remember, a good inflight scenario is more than an hour of flight time; it is also a learning experience. HOME; INTERIORS; EXTERIORS; OFFICE & PORTRAITS; PUBLICITY/EVENTS; CONSTRUCTION; INFO The instructor bases this assessment on the learner's ability to demonstrate consistent proficiency on a number of flight maneuvers. The instructors success is determined to a large degree by the ability to organize material and to select and utilize a teaching method appropriate to a particular lesson, Application is student use of the instructors presented material. flight instructor determines if an applicant can demonstrate the ability to meet English language requirements. capicola pronounce gabagool; another name for tempering is aviation; rensselaer polytechnic institute notable alumni; bic lighters in bulk; great destinations gymnastics meet 2022 [Figure 4-3] And, finally, a training course outline within a curriculum is the content of a particular course. The planning should take into consideration the wind conditions, arrival paths, communication procedures, available runways, recommended traffic patterns, and courses of action in the event the unexpected occurs. Such training can include initial training, transition training, upgrade training, recurrent training, and special training. These programs typically allow the students to select a test, complete the questions, and find out how they did on the test. Take The Exams. This method uses collaboration and can be modified for an interactive one-on-one learning situation such as an independent aviation instructor might encounter. Usually the goal for students is a certificate or rating. They learn by applying what they have been told and shown. In the previous example, the criteria may include that navigation from point A to point B be accomplished within 5 minutes of the preplanned flight time and that en route altitude be maintained within 200 feet. Confusion, disinterest, and uneasiness on the part of the student could happen as a result of not knowing the. [Figure 4-19], A more advanced application of computer-based training may involve less instructor control. Audio or visual aids can be very useful in supporting a topic, and the combination of both audio and visual stimuli is particularly effective since the two most important senses are involved.Instructors should keep in mind that they are often salesmen of ideas, and many of the best sales techniques that attract the attention of potential clients are well worth considering. A complete outline tends to distract students and makes a logical presentation difficult. This critique helps the instructor judge the adequacy of supporting materials and visual aids, as well as the presentation. Although the lecture method is useful in providing information, it is not an effective method of learning large amounts of information in a short time. Review and assessment are integral parts of each classroom, and/or flight lesson. Organizing a lesson so the students grasp the logical relationships of ideas is not an easy task, but it is necessary if the students are to learn and remember what they have learned. The number of students in a class and the existing facilities are other considerations. Regardless of the teaching or training delivery method used, the teaching process remains the same. Or the instructor may remind the students of an upcoming test on the material. Each student essentially receives a customized learning experience, As mentioned earlier, CAL has become a popular training delivery method. Instructional aids are not selfsupporting; they support, supplement, or reinforce what is being taught. In brief, the introduction is made up of three elements: attention, motivation, and an overview of what is to be covered, The purpose of the attention element is to focus each students attention on the lesson. As instructional aids, models are usually more practical than originals because they are lightweight and easy to manipulate, A mock-up is a three-dimensional or specialized type of working model made from real or synthetic materials. The instructor should remember that the more intense the discussion and the greater the participation, the more effective the learning.

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